Extended Data Fig. 6: PGNPs delivery of antibiotics reduces the microbiota alteration in small intestine.
C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with free or ampicillin (20 mg kg−1) and vancomycin (20 mg kg−1)-loaded PGNPs for 5d. Control mice had no antibiotic exposure. Both SI-P and SI-D content were collected for 16 s rRNA sequencing at the end of treatment. a,d, Alpha diversity quantified as observed species in SI-P (a) or SI-D (d) in indicated groups. b,e, Unweighted UniFrac principal-coordinates analysis (PCoA) of samples with indicated treatments in SI-P (b) and SI-D (e). c,f, Relative abundance of family-level taxonomy in fecal microbiota was presented as a percentage of the total detected sequences in SI-P (c) and SI-D (f). n ≥ 3 mice. All values are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test in a and d. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
