Extended Data Fig. 1: Sleeve tensioning and representative hemodynamic data in vitro and in silico under quasi-static and dynamic conditions. | Nature Biomedical Engineering

Extended Data Fig. 1: Sleeve tensioning and representative hemodynamic data in vitro and in silico under quasi-static and dynamic conditions.

From: A soft robotic sleeve mimicking the haemodynamics and biomechanics of left ventricular pressure overload and aortic stenosis

Extended Data Fig. 1: Sleeve tensioning and representative hemodynamic data in vitro and in silico under quasi-static and dynamic conditions.

a, Illustration of an adequately and loosely implanted sleeve, showing the sleeve-to-aorta diameter ratio for classification. Ratios smaller than 1 would result in over-tensioning, and thus in aortic pre-constriction. Ratios greater than 1.8 would cause under-tensioning. b, Representative in vivo peak aortic flow velocity on MRI at baseline (BL), intermediate (Int: 3 mL), and full (4 mL) constrictions for the loose, intermediate, and adequately-pretensioned sleeve. c, Representative in vitro LVP and AoP under quasi-static actuation conditions. d, Representative LVP tracing in vivo measured under quasi-static actuation conditions. e, Representative LVP and AoP tracings in vitro with dynamic actuation. f, Representative LVP tracing in vivo with dynamic actuation. The ON and OFF marks indicate the intervals during which the sleeve was inflated or deflated respectively, following the start of the triggering.

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