Fig. 1: IDO-Gal3 suppresses inflammation.
From: Suppression of local inflammation via galectin-anchored indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
a,b, Schematic representation of the IDO-Gal3 fusion protein (a) and the concept of anchoring IDO at different tissue locations through Gal3-mediated recognition of tissue glycans (b). c,d, Characterization of IDO-Gal3 enzymatic activity (c), plotted as initial rate (V0) vs substrate concentration, where initial and maximum rate (Vmax) are expressed in units, U (pmol(n-formyl kynurenine) min−1 pmol−1(IDO)), and binding to immobilized lactose (d). e, Schedule to evaluate anchored IDO suppression of inflammation resulting from local LPS injection. f,g, Histological evaluation (f) of IDO-Gal3 suppression of inflammation induced by injected LPS by enumeration of cell infiltration (g). Scale bar, 50 microns. h–k, Relative quantification (RQ) values of inflammatory gene (IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-1β) expression in tissues treated with anchored IDO before challenge with LPS. l,m, Schedule (l) and psoriatic area severity index (m) to evaluate anchored IDO suppression of inflammation induced by topical imiquimod. The Gal3-containing protein, NanoLuc® luciferase fusion with Gal3 (NL-Gal3) and lacking the IDO domain, is included as a control. Data shown as mean ± s.e.m. in c, and mean ± s.d. in g and m. Statistical analysis: (g–k) one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey’s post-hoc. NS indicates no difference compared to vehicle, ns indicates no difference compared to LPS positive control, bar denotes P value relative to LPS positive control; n = 6. For g, P = 0.0054, F = 6.200. For h, P = 0.0040, F = 6.630. For i, P = 0.0006, F = 10.15. For j, P = 0.0898, F = 2.579. For m, Mann-Whitney U-test with alpha = 0.05, ****P < 0.0001, n = 12.
