Extended Data Fig. 5: Migration of astrocytes along VasES into cortical resection.

Optical microscope image (a) and fluorescence image (b) of the same field of view of VasES-implanted tissue at 1 week post-implantation. c, Zoomed-in image of the magenta dashed box in b, showing the migration of astrocytes into the resection. d, Close-up image of the cyan dashed box in c. The white asterisks highlight the alignment of migrating astrocytes with VasES elements. The black and white curves delineate the resection boundary. Scale bars, 200 µm for a and b, 50 µm for c, 20 µm for d.