Extended Data Fig. 1: Different scFv display techniques result in different EV targeting properties.

a, Cartoon highlighting the structures of the PDGFR transmembrane domain scFv display and lactadherin C1C2 domain anchoring to phosphatidylserine. b, Expression of scFv constructs in EV producer cell lysates. 1 µg cell lysate was loaded per lane. Expected band sizes: ∼40 kDa and ∼75 kDa (black arrows). c, Loading of scFv constructs into EVs generated from cell lines in b. 5.0×10⁸ EVs were loaded per lane. d, Binding of targeted EVs to Jurkat T cells following a 2 h incubation. e, Representative histograms corresponding to the summary data reported in d. The subpopulation of cells showing a skewed, high degree of exosome binding is indicated by the red box. f, Recipient Jurkat T cells were incubated for 1 h in the presence or absence of anti-CD2 antibodies prior to a 2 h incubation with EVs. g, Representative histograms corresponding to the summary data reported in f. Flow cytometry experiments were performed in biological triplicate, and error bars (panels d, f) indicate standard error of the mean. EV dTomato loading evaluations are presented in Supplementary Fig. 5. Statistical tests comprise two-tailed Student’s t-tests using the Benjamini-Hochberg method to reduce the false discovery rate. (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Exact p-values are reported in Supplementary Table 1.