Fig. 8: Gut-on-a-chip reveals therapeutic potential of faecal microbiota from responsive patients. | Nature Biomedical Engineering

Fig. 8: Gut-on-a-chip reveals therapeutic potential of faecal microbiota from responsive patients.

From: A gut-on-a-chip incorporating human faecal samples and peristalsis predicts responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors for melanoma

Fig. 8: Gut-on-a-chip reveals therapeutic potential of faecal microbiota from responsive patients.

a,b, Fluorescence microscopy images (a) and relative quantification (b) of ZO-1, E-cadherin and β-catenin on epithelium treated with faecal supernatant from NR patients and LPS combined with faecal material or supernatant from R patients (ZO-1: P = 0.0161 for NR-Sup versus CTR, P < 0.001 for NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+R, LPS versus CTR, LPS versus LPS+R-Sup, LPS versus LPS+R; ECad: P = 0.0271 for NR-Sup versus CTR, P = 0.0271 for CTR versus LPS+R, P < 0.001 LPS versus CTR, for LPS versus LPS+R, NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+R, NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+R-Sup, LPS versus LPS+R-Sup; BCat: P = 0.0403 for CTR versus NR-Sup+R, P = 0.0054 for CTR versus LPS+R, P = 0.0048 for NR-Sup+R versus NR-Sup+R-Sup, P < 0.001 for NR-Sup versus CTR, LPS versus CTR, CTR versus LPS+R-Sup, NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+R, LPS versus LPS+R-Sup, LPS versus LPS+R). c,d, Fluorescence microscopy images (c) and relative quantification (d) of ZO-1 and E-cadherin on epithelium treated with faecal supernatant from NR patients and LPS combined with flagellin (ZO-1: P = 0.0046 for NR-Sup versus CTR, P = 0.0020 for NR-Sup versus flagellin, P = 0.0017 for NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+flagellin, P < 0.0001 for LPS versus CTR, LPS+flagellin versus CTR, LPS versus flagellin, LPS+flagellin versus flagellin, NR-Sup+flagellin versus LPS+flagellin; ECad: P = 0.0013 for NR-Sup versus CTR, P = 0.0341 for CTR versus NR-Sup+flagellin, P = 0.0112 for flagellin versus NR-Sup, P = 0.0026 for flagellin versus LPS+flagellin, P < 0.001 for LPS versus CTR, NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+flagellin, NR-Sup+flagellin versus LPS+flagellin, LPS+flagellin versus CTR, flagellin versus LPS). e, Multiplexed ELISA (Luminex) of VEGF (P = 0.0016 for NR-Sup versus CTR), CXCL8 (P = 0.0496 for NR-Sup versus CTR) and IL-6 (P < 0.001 for CTR versus R-Sup, NR-Sup versus CTR, NR-Sup versus R-Sup, NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+R-Sup, NR-Sup versus NR-Sup+flagellin) released by controls or epithelium treated with faecal supernatant from NR patients combined with supernatant from R patients or flagellin. Bars represent mean ± s.d., Kruskal–Wallis test (e left and centre) ordinary one-way ANOVA (b, d, e right). *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001.

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