Fig. 1: Noninvasive, precise and highly controllable delivery of ultrasound perturbations to the mouse brain. | Nature Biomedical Engineering

Fig. 1: Noninvasive, precise and highly controllable delivery of ultrasound perturbations to the mouse brain.

From: Holographic transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation enhances stimulation efficacy by cooperatively recruiting distributed brain circuits

Fig. 1: Noninvasive, precise and highly controllable delivery of ultrasound perturbations to the mouse brain.

a, The integrated stimulation-monitoring system uses a 512-element spherically focused array for hTUS delivery (blue) navigated with volumetric optoacoustic tomography (red) performed with the same array. Widefield fluorescence calcium imaging (cyan) is performed simultaneously using a fibrescopic insert integrated into a central aperture of the array. CW, continuous wave; PC, personal computer. b, Schematic of hTUS with random array subsets rendered in different colours. c, hTUS characterization with hydrophone and numerical simulation (top), and minimum intensity projection of the in vivo transcranial FTT (bottom) near the somatosensory area. d, Ultrasound focus characterization from data in c. FWHM, full width at half maximum. e, Transcranial ultrasound pressure of the 3 MHz wave measured with a hydrophone.

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