Fig. 2: TUS induces localized neural responses.
a, Snapshot of calcium changes across the mouse cortex and time traces at selected points. The instant of the snapshot is indicated by a vertical dashed line on the time traces. US pulse duration is represented as light blue region. The sonicated point is red (1.2 mm posterior to bregma, 1.6 right to midline), the out-of-focus is blue (1.2 mm anterior to focus point) and the auditory cortex is orange. b, Resting-state-corrected snapshots. Spatial maps are overlaid with a standard mouse brain atlas to facilitate the identification of cortical regions. Time traces shown as mean ± s.e.m. Anatomical labels: i, primary motor area; ii, primary somatosensory area (lower limb); iii, primary visual area; iv, primary auditory area. c, Progression of the Ca2+ signal with increasing peak pressure using FTT correction plotted as mean ± s.e.m (n = 3, average of ~20 stimulations each). d, Change in the area under the time trace at the stimulated spot as a function of the peak pressure between 0.45 and 2 s from the US sonication start. Whiskers extend from minimum to maximum, the box from quartiles 25th to 75th, while the horizontal line shows the median. One-way ANOVA (n = 3, mice) performed on three brain regions: stimulated focus with (F = 5.19) and without FTT correction (F = 5.51), out of focus (F = 2.36, blue) and auditory region (F = 0.68, orange). P values indicated by labels. See Supplementary Fig. 7 for a more complete mouse brain atlas reference.
