Fig. 3: TUS wavefront shaping enables dynamic probing of distributed networks. | Nature Biomedical Engineering

Fig. 3: TUS wavefront shaping enables dynamic probing of distributed networks.

From: Holographic transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation enhances stimulation efficacy by cooperatively recruiting distributed brain circuits

Fig. 3

a, Snapshot of Ca2+ changes in the mouse brain and time traces at selected points for TUS beam steering. The total stimulation period corresponds to 30 s (10 s between foci) repeated 10 times. Percentages on the time traces represent the relative fluorescence amplitude with respect to the point of stimulation (100%). Anatomical labels: i, primary motor area; ii, primary somatosensory area (trunk); iii, retrosplenial area. b, The corresponding changes for hTUS stimulation. Ultrasound pulse duration shown as light blue region. c, Resting-state-corrected snapshots. Traces from a and b are corrected for slow resting state activity. Anatomical labels: iv, primary somatosensory area (lower limb); v, primary somatosensory area (upper limb); vi, rostrolateral visual area.

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