Fig. 4: hTUS effectively activates neural networks. | Nature Biomedical Engineering

Fig. 4: hTUS effectively activates neural networks.

From: Holographic transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation enhances stimulation efficacy by cooperatively recruiting distributed brain circuits

Fig. 4

a, Progression of the Ca2+ signal with increasing peak pressure at the centre of the hTUS patterns (without FTT correction). US pulse duration is represented as a light blue region. Curves correspond to the mean ± s.e.m. b, Peak activation as a function of peak pressure. Data points correspond to the mean ± s.e.m. Colours correspond to the labels at the top of the panel. c, Activated area (ΔF/F0 > 0.5% around the centre of the sonicated point, 0.46 s < time < 1 s) between TUS (red) and hTUS as a function of acoustic power. Points represent the mean, while error bars correspond to the ±s.e.m. for each. d, APD calculated from the TUS (top row) and hTUS simulated fields for an activation probability indicated by the labels on top. e,f, Activation probability and experimental data (mean ± s.e.m) from b as a function of peak pressure (e) and total force (f). All experimental data obtained from n = 3 mice by averaging 20 stimulations.

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