Fig. 5: CBD-IL-12-armoured CAR-T cells exert an anti-tumour effect by fuelling innate and adaptive immunity.

Male C57BL6/J mice received subcutaneous injection of RM9-hSTEAP1 (5 × 10⁵) on day 0. CAR-T cells were intravenously administered on day 4. a–c, Intratumoural concentrations of IFNγ (a), CXCL9 (b) and GM-CSF (c) on day 12 (each dot represents a mouse, mean ± s.e.m.). d–l, Tumours were collected on day 14 followed by flow cytometric analysis. d, Tumour volumes (mean ± s.e.m.). hSTEAP1-mBBζ, hSTEAP1-mBBζ + NFAT-IL-12, n = 7; hSTEAP1-mBBζ + NFAT-CBD-IL-12, n = 6. e, Percentage of CD45⁺ cells, f, CD3⁺ T cells, g, CD8⁺ T cells and h, CD3⁻ NK1.1⁺ NK cells within live cells (mean). Percentage of i, CD103⁺ and j, CD8α⁺ cDC1 among cDCs. Percentage of k, CD11b⁺ Ly6G⁺ neutrophils and l, Ly6C^hi Ly6G⁻ M-MDSCs within live cells (each dot represents a mouse, and the centre lines show mean values). m, Splenic T cells were isolated and co-cultured with hSTEAP1-positive and negative RM9 prostate cancer cells. IFNγ was quantified (each dot represents a mouse, and centre lines show mean values). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (a–e,i,j,l), Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons (non-parametric data) (f–h,k) or two-way ANOVA followed by Šídák’s multiple comparisons (m). P values are shown in figures.

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