Fig. 2: RuAqua 3 as a precatalyst for selective ortho- and monoselective arene methylation and applicability to distal meta-functionalization.
From: An air- and moisture-stable ruthenium precatalyst for diverse reactivity

a, Ruthenium-catalysed ortho-selective C(sp2)–H methylation using trimethylanilinium salt 16. b, Meta-selective C(sp2)–H functionalization reactions. Applicability of 3 as a precatalyst for meta-selective alkylation was demonstrated using tertiary alkyl halides, an α-bromoester (to give 19b), Katritzky salt 20 and using tandem-radical cyclization substrate 21. Blue light, 440 nm; background temperature, 35 °C. SET, single-electron transfer. c, Hydrogen/deuterium exchange. 2D incorporation determined by integration of residual 1H resonances. aYields determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy using an internal standard. b3 (10 mol%).