Extended Data Fig. 1: MccB-generated thioesters undergo transthioesterification, S-to-N acyl transfer, and native chemical ligation.

(a) MccA-N7G thioester can undergo transthioesterification with MPAA, a thiol nucleophile that cannot directly capture Mcc-N7G-O-AMP. (b) MccA-N7G-O-AMP can undergo thioesterification and S-to-N acyl shift with Cys to form a peptide bond. (c) In the presence of ATP and Mesna, MccB catalyzes native chemical ligation between an unactivated peptide and an N-terminal Cys peptide.