Fig. 4: Photophysical kinetics in the nanoparticle state.

a,b, Evolution of fs-TA spectra of IT-PMI NPs in water under ambient conditions during short (a) and long (b) time ranges, respectively (19.7 nJ per pulse). c, Global modelling with evolution-associated spectra. d,e, ns-TA spectra of IT-PMI NPs in water under Ar conditions (10 mJ per pulse) (d) and the selected kinetics traces up to approximately 2 s after ns excitation (e). f, Scheme of the overall dynamics of IT-PMI NPs, parameters from fs-TA and ns-TA. S0, the ground state.