Extended Data Fig. 2: Comparison of GRACE/GRACE-FO time series and different SMB models.

Same as Fig. 1a,b, with additional estimates of the cumulative SMB. Shown are results based on MAR3.11 forced by ERA5 reanalysis (used in paper)8, MAR3.11 forced by NCEP/NCAR reanalysis8, and RACMO2.3p19,10 forced by ERA-40 (1958–1978)61 and ERA-Interim (1979–2015)62 reanalyses. The best agreement with GRACE/GRACE-FO and longest simulation period is provided by MAR3.11 forced by ERA5 reanalysis.