Extended Data Fig. 5: Characteristics in Niño3.4 SST anomalies vs that in Niño3 SST anomalies.
From: Future Southern Ocean warming linked to projected ENSO variability
a, Multi-model ensemble mean of SST response to ENSO during the 20th century, obtained by regressing SST anomalies onto the Niño3.4 index. Stippling indicates where the multi-model ensemble is statistically different to zero above the 90% confidence level based on a Student’s t-test. b, The same as a but for the Niño3 index. c, Inter-model relationship between skewness in the Niño3 index and Niño3.4 index for the 20th century including observed value based on HadISST. d, Inter-model relationship between projected changes in ENSO amplitude using Niño3.4 index and projected change in global mean temperature. The projected changes in ENSO amplitude are not scaled by the projected changes in global mean temperature to confirm that the inter-model spread in ENSO amplitude is not related to climate sensitivity. The correlation coefficient, slope, and p-value are indicated. The purple ellipse indicates 5–95% ranges.
