Fig. 4: Effects of geostrophic flows on the long-term changes of upwelling transport in the EBUSs under greenhouse warming.
From: Geostrophic flows control future changes of oceanic eastern boundary upwelling
a–d, The slope of the linear trend of annual-mean upwelling transport (red) during 2006–2100 and its decomposition into components caused by horizontal mass-flux divergence of geostrophic (purple) and ageostrophic (blue) flows for one member of CESM-H in the CalCS (a), HCS (b), CanCS (c) and BCS (d). The grey line denotes the slope of the linear trend of WUI. The shading denotes the 90% confidence interval for the slope. The axes of the vertical velocity trend measure the values of the upwelling transport trend divided by the integration area. The sample size (the number of time records used to derive the confidence interval) is 95.
