Extended Data Table. 1 A list of CGCMs in CMIP6 used in this study

From: Geostrophic flows control future changes of oceanic eastern boundary upwelling

CMIP6

Oceanic Resolution

Scenario

CMIP6

Oceanic Resolution

Scenario

1.CAMS-CSM1-0

Hist, SSP5-8.5

13.FIO-ESM-2-0

Hist, SSP5-8.5

2.CESM2-WACCM

Hist, SSP5-8.5

14.GISS-E2-1-G

Hist, SSP5-8.5

3.CESM2

Hist, SSP5-8.5

15.HadGEM3-GC31-LL

Hist, SSP5-8.5

4.CIESM

0.5°

Hist, SSP5-8.5

16.HadGEM3-GC31-MM

0.25°

Hist, SSP5-8.5

5.CNRM-CM6-1-HR

0.25°

Hist, SSP5-8.5

17.IPSL-CM6A-LR

Hist, SSP5-8.5

6.CMCC-ESM2

Hist, SSP5-8.5

18.MIROC-ES2L

Hist, SSP5-8.5

7.CNRM-CM6-1

Hist, SSP5-8.5

19.MIROC6

Hist, SSP5-8.5

8.CNRM-ESM2-1

Hist, SSP5-8.5

20.MPI-ESM1-2-HR

0.5°

Hist, SSP5-8.5

9.CanESM5-CanOE

Hist, SSP5-8.5

21.MPI-ESM1-2-LR

2.5°

Hist, SSP5-8.5

10.E3SM-1-1

0.5°

Hist, SSP5-8.5

22.MRI-ESM2-0

Hist, SSP5-8.5

11.CanESM5

Hist, SSP5-8.5

23.NESM3

Hist, SSP5-8.5

12.EC-Earth3-Veg-LR

Hist, SSP5-8.5

24.UKESM1-0-LL

Hist, SSP5-8.5

  1. The model selection is based on the output availability of surface wind stress and vertical velocity. The analysis period combines 1850–2014 from the historical simulations and 2015–2100 from the SSP5-8.5 simulations.