Fig. 4: Warming reduces the number and strength of top-down relative to bottom-up network links, suggesting shifts in trophic controls.
From: Disruption of ecological networks in lakes by climate change and nutrient fluctuations
a,b, Difference between realized top-down and bottom-up links (a) and average strength of top-down and bottom-up links (b). Con., connectance. Positive values mean more or stronger top-down links; smoothing line shows trend of top-down versus bottom-up links based in the centre of a moving window of 60 months, used for CCM. c,d, Interactive effects of average water-column phosphate and temperature on realized top-down relative to bottom-up links (c), and their relative strength (d) in Lake ZHR. Colour-coded contour plots depict the S-map model inferred relationships as in Fig. 2 (Methods).
