Extended Data Fig. 3: Re-evaluated global carbon cycle since 1900 from a special model configuration including volcanic activity.

Panels (a) and (b) of this figure are identical to Fig. 1a,b in the manuscript but extended to 1900 and with the land sink model including stratospheric optical thickness at 550 nm³⁴ as an additional predictor. Atmospheric CO₂ growth rate is calculated from a spline fit to Law Dome ice core data until 1958⁴⁰ and from the average of directly observed CO₂ concentrations at Mauna Loa and South Pole after³⁸.