Fig. 2: Historical and future changes in the cumulative fluxes and storage of heat and carbon.
From: Asymmetries in the Southern Ocean contribution to global heat and carbon uptake
a–d, The historical changes in heat (left) and carbon (right) for all radiative forcings and single radiative forcing experiments (a) only including the effects of greenhouse gases (b) or aerosols (c), compared with future projected changes following SSP2-4.5 (d). The cumulative changes in a–c are for a recent decade 2005–2014 relative to a decade in the pre-industrial era 1851–1860 and for d for 2091–2100 relative to 2015–2024, which are evaluated for the top of the atmosphere, the surface ocean and the ocean interior, and implied transports through latitudes of 30° N and 30° S. Diagnostics are based on 17 CMIP6 multi-model, single-ensemble means for heat and 20 CMIP6 multi-model, single-ensemble means for carbon (a); 5 CMIP6 models with ensemble means for heat and single ensembles for carbon (b and c); and 10 CMIP6 multi-model, single-ensemble means for heat and 17 for carbon (d).
