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Reconciling widely varying estimates of the global economic impacts from climate change

Nature Climate Change volume 15, pages 124–127 (2025)Cite this article

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Assessments of the aggregate impacts of climate change on the global economy are widely varying and diverge depending on the method employed. It is essential to understand the mechanisms behind the differing estimates and identify a robust range. Only then could these estimates meaningfully inform and guide climate actions.

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Fig. 1: Global aggregate economic impact estimates by global warming level and methodology type (annual % global GDP loss relative to GDP without additional climate change).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MIT Center for Sustainability Science and Strategy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Jennifer Morris, John Reilly, Angelo Gurgel, Sergey Paltsev & C. Adam Schlosser

  2. Energy Systems and Climate Analysis, EPRI, Washington DC, USA

    Steven K. Rose

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  1. Jennifer Morris
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  4. Angelo Gurgel
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  6. C. Adam Schlosser
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Correspondence to Jennifer Morris or Steven K. Rose.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Morris, J., Rose, S.K., Reilly, J. et al. Reconciling widely varying estimates of the global economic impacts from climate change. Nat. Clim. Chang. 15, 124–127 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02232-7

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