Extended Data Fig. 3: Regional and country-level changes in energy-security related trade risk due to changes in renewable energy, trade, material intensity, and recycling rates in EU and OECD.
From: Trade risks to energy security in net-zero emissions energy scenarios
Panels show regional and country-level changes in trade risk index (TRI) of the entire energy system from net-zero emissions (including assumptions of average net-zero emission energy system, current trade partners, current material intensity, and material recycling rate at net-zero emissions) to increases in the share of primary energy from renewables (a), increase in share of resource-owning countries that are trade partners (b), increase in material recycling rate (c), and decrease in material intensity of energy technologies (d). Each line represents an individual country in EU and OECD, with highlighted solid line indicating most populous countries (including U.S., France, U.K., Germany, Canada, Australia).
