Extended Data Fig. 10: Increases in the strength of thermal adaptation with increasing temperature through both time and space.

a Temporal relationship. b Spatial relationship (n = 9). On the basis of the interannual temperatures at each of the nine eddy covariance sites, we paired temperature‒ER curves from the control (the lowest annual temperature) and warming (a particular annual temperature) years and found that the adaptation strength increased with temperature differences (black). In addition, the increasing trend remained unchanged regardless of whether the data with temperature changes over 10 °C were excluded (gray). The temporal temperature difference is the difference in annual temperature between the control and warming years. The strength of thermal adaptation was then averaged over multiple pairs at each site, and the resulting averages and standard errors are represented as points and error bars in the figures, respectively. A linear mixed-effects model is used to test the correlations that are represented by lines. All correlations are significant with P < 0.05.