Fig. 3: The effects of temperature on poverty and inequality across countries adjusted by real GDP.
From: Impacts of global warming on subnational poverty and inequality
a, Poverty. b, Inequality. The graphs shows the point estimates of temperature and the country dummies using regression with weather conditions (rainfall and humidity), GDP per capita, unemployment rates, the shares of added values for agricultural and manufacturing, population growth and FE. In a, the headcount poverty rate is measured by the Subnational Poverty Headcount Ratio at US$2.15 a day (n = 116). In b, inequality is measured by the Gini index (n = 122). Each country’s marker is proportional to its real GDP per capital using the World Development Indicators database (that is, a larger size indicates a higher GDP per capita level). We select Indonesia as the reference for the poverty figure and Madagascar for the inequality figure. The dashed line represents the temperature effect for the reference country (0.092 for Indonesia in a and 0.024 for Madagascar in b. The coloured countries indicate significant effects, whereas grey countries are those where the estimated temperature effect on poverty is not statistically significant. The coefficient estimates are shown in Supplementary Table 17(appendix).
