Extended Data Fig. 2: National Climate Change Mitigation Policy Index for 2019.
From: Cross-national comparative assessment of synergies and conflicts in climate policy mixes
This figure reflects the global configuration of carbon pricing and complementary climate policy instruments, providing the analytical foundation for examining interaction effects between carbon pricing and complementary instruments. Superimposed stacked bars represent the relative weights of four basic policy instruments—subsidy, regulatory, information, and government provision—capturing their contributions to national mitigation portfolios. The European inset provides a magnified view of jurisdictions with denser and more heterogeneous policy mixes, facilitating comparisons of instrument layering and interaction across countries with varying levels of carbon pricing intensity. These divergent configurations indicate that the effectiveness of carbon pricing depends not only on price levels or coverage, but also on the surrounding mix of synergistic or conflicting policies. Basemap from Natural Earth (https://www.naturalearthdata.com).
