Table 1 Descriptions of the future final energy demand scenarios considered

From: Energy demand reduction options for meeting national zero-emission targets in the United Kingdom

Scenario name

Description

Ignore

Identifies levels of energy demand up to 2050 assuming only existing UK government climate policy instruments are implemented (as of 2018). This includes existing policy for delivery of emission reductions but not climate targets or ambition.

Steer

Adopts the more ambitious legislated target of net-zero GHG emissions by 2050 but falls just short of meeting it. Uses the same energy service-demand projections as the Ignore scenario but implements a wide range of energy efficiency options.

Shift

Similarly to Steer, adopts the net-zero GHG emissions target. Significant shift in the attention given to energy demand strategies, providing an ambitious programme of interventions across the whole economy describing what could possibly be achieved with currently available technologies under current social and political framings.

Transform

Similarly to Shift, this scenario adopts the net-zero GHG emissions target. Considers transformative change in technologies, social practices, infrastructure and institutions to deliver both reductions in energy but also numerous co-benefits such as health, improved local environments, improved work practices, reduced investment needs and lower cumulative GHG emissions.