Fig. 5: Photovoltaic performance of the devices.

a–c, J–V curves of PM6:BTP-TO2- (a) and PM6:BTP-TC8- (b) based OSCs processed with various solvents under the illumination of AM1.5 G 100 mW cm−2 and statistical PCEs distribution of small-scaled OSCs based on PM6:BTP-TO2 and PM6:BTP-TC8 processed with various solvents under the illumination of AM1.5 G 100 mW cm−2 (c). All the data are obtained from 20 cells for each condition. d, Statistical PCEs distribution of the OSC modules based on PM6:BTP-TO2 and PM6:BTP-TC8 processed with various solvents under the illumination of AM1.5 G 100 mW cm−2. All the data are obtained from 15 cells for each condition. For the box plots, the central line represents the median, the bounds of the box represent the interquartile range (25th and 75th percentiles) and the whiskers extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the interquartile range. Outliers are shown as individual points.