Fig. 4: Electrochemical evaluation and postmortem analysis of as-prepared NMC single crystals.
From: Unusual Li2O sublimation promotes single-crystal growth and sintering
a(i),b(i),c(i), Voltage profiles of the first formation cycle for as-prepared single crystals: NMC90 (a(i)), NMC811 (b(i)) and NMC811 derived from spent NMC811 (c(i)) in Gr/NMC full cells cycled at 0.1 C (1 C = 200 mA g−1 for NMC90 and NMC811 from spent NMC811; 1 C = 190 mA g−1 for NMC811) between 2.6 and 4.2 V. a(ii),b(ii),c(ii), Cycling performance of Gr/NMC full cells at 1 C with single crystals: NMC90 (a(ii)), NMC811 (b(ii)) and NMC811 from spent NMC811 (c(ii)). All cells were cycled up to the 1,000th cycle, after which the cycled NMC cathode electrodes were harvested for postmortem analysis. a(iii),b(iii),c(iii), SEM morphology of the surface of the NMC single-crystal electrodes after 1,000 cycles: NMC90 (a(iii)), NMC811 (b(iii)) and NMC811 from spent NMC811 (c(iii)). a(iv),b(iv),c(iv), HAADF-STEM images of the NMC single crystals after 1,000 cycles: NMC90 (a(iv)), NMC811 (b(iv)) and NMC811 from spent NMC811 (c(iv)).
