Fig. 1: Estimated effects of heat pump adoption across income groups.
From: Heat pumps can help alleviate residential energy insecurity in the USA
The figure presents results from a random effects regression model assessing the impact of heat pump adoption on thermal comfort indicators across eight income levels. Estimated effects on cooling balance points (CBP, in °C) and cooling slopes (CS, in kWh per °C) are shown, with points representing coefficients and horizontal bars denoting 95% confidence intervals. More negative values indicate earlier cooling activation or lower electricity use per degree of temperature increase. Figure adapted from Ye, X. et al. Nat. Energy https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01845-2 (2025).
