Fig. 1: Annual hydrogen production (maximum in 2043 if all considered hydrogen facilities are deployed) and configuration flowchart of hydrogen applications.
From: Global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential of existing and planned hydrogen projects
a, Annual hydrogen production of announced projects (MtH2 yr−1, in 2043) and corresponding applications; please refer to the Zenodo repository49 for the data used. b, Flowchart of hydrogen production and applications considered. The pie chart in a to the top right provides the overall hydrogen production and mix of applications. ‘Hydrogen’ refers to unspecified hydrogen use/applications in the database, and ‘Refining’ refers to the refining of fossil fuels. DAC, direct air capture. ‘Recycled C’ refers to carbon sourced from biomass, waste materials or point-source CO2 emissions, captured and repurposed to create chemicals. A zoom-in is provided for Europe in a to better visualize the initially overlapping pie charts for some countries. Basemap in a from Natural Earth (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/).
