Fig. 1: Methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and bulk CNT materials from methane. | Nature Energy

Fig. 1: Methane pyrolysis to produce hydrogen and bulk CNT materials from methane.

From: Production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes from methane using a multi-pass floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition reactor with process gas recycling

Fig. 1

a, Methane (CH4(g)), obtained from natural gas, landfill gas or biogas, is decomposed inside a hot reactor into hydrogen gas (H2(g)) and solid carbon (C(s)), which is catalytically grown into carbon nanotubes and collected from the reactor as an aerogel. b, CNT materials possess exceptional tensile strength, finding applications in tensile and composite materials, as well as in additive markets such as batteries11,15,16,47,48,49. c, Hydrogen production by methane pyrolysis, using either fossil natural gas (FNG) or renewable natural gas (RNG), is energy efficient and has a low CO2 intensity compared to other hydrogen production technologies such as steam methane reforming (SMR), SMR with carbon capture and storage (SMR + CCS) and photovoltaic (PV) electrolysis, providing a clean fuel and precursor for electricity generation, industrial processes and transport5,8,9. Credit: icons in a–c, OpenClipart.

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