Extended Data Fig. 4: Isotopic and model-based constraints on carbon cycle dynamics across the PTB.
From: Permian–Triassic mass extinction pulses driven by major marine carbon cycle perturbations

a Carbon isotope composition of carbonates deposited on Tethys shelf; and b carbon isotope composition of organic carbon in sediments deposited on Panthalassa seafloor based on a comprehensive compilation of literature data (sources are provided in the Supplement) and as modelled; c δ11B-based and modelled surface ocean pH (standard case scenario); d resulting global atmospheric partial pressure CO2 projected by our carbon cycle model.