Extended Data Fig. 3: Mean annual soil temperature in the control and N-addition plots of the primary forest (a-b), secondary forest (c-d), and planted forest (e-f).
From: Temporal patterns of soil carbon emission in tropical forests under long-term nitrogen deposition

Columns and error bars represent means and standard errors (n = 3), respectively. The asterisks indicate the years in which statistical significance (P < 0.05; one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s HSD test for Exp1 and independent-sample t-test for Exp2) is detected between the control and N-addition plots. C: control; L: low N addition; M: medium N addition; H: high N addition.