Fig. 2: Impact of IPO on the AMJ soil moisture over southern Central Asia.
From: Agricultural drought over water-scarce Central Asia aggravated by internal climate variability
a–d, Spatial distribution of trends in SST (°C per decade) for the difference between Min10 and ensemble mean of CESM1-CAM5 (a), CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 (b), MPI-ESM-LR (c) and the trends in SST derived from Kaplan (d) during 1992–2020. Stippling indicates that the linear trends are significant at the 10% level according to the MK test. e, Time series of the 9-year running mean IPO index (°C) derived from Kaplan SST (black) and ERSST (grey). The vertical line denotes the year of 1992. f, The trends of IPO indices (°C per decade) derived from the ensemble mean of Max10 (Min10) during the period of 1950–1992 (1992–2020) derived from CESM1-CAM5 (black), CSIRO-Mk3-6-0 (blue) and MPI-ESM-LR (red).
