Extended Data Fig. 1: FLAME results.
From: Wind-steered Eastern Pathway of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(a) Isopycnal depth of σ2 = 36.92 kg/m3. (b) meridional velocity (cm/s) at σ2 = 36.92 kg/m3. (c) 1500–2500 m average velocity. Velocities vectors are shown for larger than 0.2 cm/s. FLAME results are regirded into 1° resolution for the vectors. (d) AMOC. (e) The zonally integrated meridional velocity across the basin (\({\int }_{{X}_{W}}^{{X}_{E}}{vdx},\) black), the western basin (\({\int }_{{X}_{W}}^{30W}{vdx},\) blue) and the eastern basin (\({\int }_{30W}^{{X}_{E}}{vdx},\) red), with XW and XE being the western and eastern margins. (f) The southward (dots) and northward (circles) velocity averaged across the basin (black), the western basin (blue) and the eastern basin (red). (g) Meridional velocity at 45°N (color), with the steadiness \({\rm{s}}=\bar{v}/\sigma (v)\) in black dots for 1/4≤s < 1/2 and yellow dots for 1/2 ≤ s (Supplementary Information text); purple line is the isopycal of σ2 = 36.92 kg/m3.
