Extended Data Fig. 6: Surface heat flux and surface atmospheric circulation responses obtained by atmosphere-only experiments.
From: Walker circulation strengthening driven by sea surface temperature changes outside the tropics
(a-c) Maps of (a) net (turbulent and radiation) heat flux at surface, (b) latent heat flux (color) and scalar wind speed at the 10 m level (contour), (c) surface short wave radiation flux (color) and low-level cloud cover (contour) obtained as aXTOGA15 minus aCLM. Downward flux is positive. Contours are drawn (b) from -0.3 to 1.5 W m–2 with intervals of 0.3 and (c) from 0 to 24 % with intervals of 8. Hatching indicates that the difference is not significant (p > 0.05) for each surface flux. The gray solid lines and dot lines represent 15°N or S and 10°N or S, respectively. The region between a solid line and a dotted line corresponds to the buffer zone indicated in Extended Data Fig. 2a.
