Fig. 1: Tectonics and reconstructions of the deforming plate in Northeast Asia and the western Pacific.
From: Craton deformation from flat-slab subduction and rollback
a, Tectonics of Northeast Asia10,21. The light-pink and light-green colours are depictions of arcs, relict arcs and ocean island basalts in the Philippine Sea plate. The sky-blue lines outline the present-day coastlines. The coloured lines marked pre-J, J, K and T represent pre-Jurassic, Cretaceous and Tertiary sutures or subduction zones, respectively10. The red lines denote faults, rifts and seafloor spreading centres. b–g, Reconstruction of the northeast Asian deformation and the western Pacific flat slab and its rollback subduction at 168 Ma (b), 137 Ma (c), 120 Ma (d), 90 Ma (e), 80 Ma (f) and 67 Ma (g) in the anchored Eurasia plate reference system. The dilatation strain rate is shown by the colour coding (red indicates extension, and blue indicates compression). Principal components of strains accumulated during 200–168 Ma (b), 200–137 Ma (c), 136–120 Ma (d), 136–90 Ma (e), 89–80 Ma (f) and 79–67 Ma (g), computed via strain markers. The transparent white segments depict flat-slab fragments subducting beneath the eastern margin of the NCC, with the thick white lines representing their leading edges.
