Fig. 1: Schematic indicating the modulation of air–sea CO2 fluxes by vertical temperature gradients. | Nature Geoscience

Fig. 1: Schematic indicating the modulation of air–sea CO2 fluxes by vertical temperature gradients.

From: Enhanced ocean CO2 uptake due to near-surface temperature gradients

Fig. 1: Schematic indicating the modulation of air–sea CO2 fluxes by vertical temperature gradients.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Example natural temperature profiles indicate a well-mixed profile with the cool skin and a profile with an exemplar warm layer. The artificial warming and variable sampling depth of ships that can confuse the temperature (and concurrent CO2) profiles is presented. Arrows indicate the direction of the air–sea CO2 flux modifications from a profile with no vertical temperature gradients. Coloured brackets indicate the different components focused on within the studies listed in the key and the estimated global net impact of each component as described within the text. Superscript symbols link the studies to their respective global correction values above the brackets for the vertical temperature gradients covered. Data from refs. 4,6.

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