Extended Data Fig. 8: Simulated trend of annual mean temperature change during the last 7 ka.
From: Increased frequency of multi-year El Niño–Southern Oscillation events across the Holocene
The trend of annual mean temperature change during the last 7 ka in all Holocene transient simulations. These long-term changes can be compared to the warming spatial pattern over the past century or in the future projections, for example, stronger warming in the western tropical Pacific (Wang et al.13), or in the subtropical northeast Pacific (Geng et al.11; see their Fig. 4a). The general warming patterns in Holocene simulations show the maximum warming region varies widely across individual simulations. Particularly, the stronger warming in the subtropical northeast Pacific or warm pool region is not evident in selected simulations. These results suggest at the Holocene timescale, the key mechanisms for multi-year ENSO enhancement may differ from it under the recent/future anthropogenic warming conditions.
