Fig. 4: Influence of orbital forcing on the upper ocean in the Eastern Pacific.
From: Increased frequency of multi-year El Niño–Southern Oscillation events across the Holocene
a–c, The seasonal cycle of the difference between 6 to 5.5 ka and 1 to 0.5 ka of insolation (W m−2) (a), zonal mean SST of the Eastern Pacific (180–100° W) (b) and zonal mean subsurface ocean (at ~150 m depth) temperature of the Eastern Pacific (180–100° W) (c). b shows the ensemble mean of four selected simulations, and c shows the ensemble mean of three selected simulations (LOVECLIM data not included due to availability).
