Extended Data Fig. 4: Comparison of the observed and simulated ocean temperature anomalies for the 2023-2024 event. | Nature Geoscience

Extended Data Fig. 4: Comparison of the observed and simulated ocean temperature anomalies for the 2023-2024 event.

From: Strong 2023–2024 El Niño generated by ocean dynamics

Extended Data Fig. 4: Comparison of the observed and simulated ocean temperature anomalies for the 2023-2024 event.

(a) Longitude-time diagram of observed equatorial SSTAs (color shading; °C) and SLAs (contours with an interval of 3 cm; positive black and negative gray). (b)-(e) shows the evolution of observed equatorial ocean temperature anomalies (°C, color shading) for the 2023-2024 El Niño averaged over (a) January-March (JFM), (b) April-June (AMJ), (c) July-September (JAS), and (d) October-December (OND). (f)-(j) Similar to the upper panels but from the CTRL run. The black (grey) line represents the 2023 (climatological) 20 °C isotherm. All meridionally averaged over 2˚S–2˚N.

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