Fig. 4: Additional post-fire soil erosion and trend per continent for consecutive fire years 2006–2019.

a–f, Bars concern annual estimates of additional soil erosion between 2006 and 2019 and per continent: Africa (a), Asia (b), Europe (c), North America (d), Oceania (e) and South America (f). Additional post-fire soil erosion corresponds to the difference between post-fire soil erosion and background soil erosion. Black line indicates soil erosion trend by linear smoothed conditional means, and shaded area represents standard error with 0.95 confidence interval (ggplot2, RStudio). Note statistical significance for increasing trend for North America (Mann–Kendall trend test, two-sided, p < 0.008595), and non-significant trends for remaining continents.