Extended Data Fig. 7: Division of a society into two factions.

To illustrate the effects of the division of real-world interaction topologies on evolutionary dynamics, we consider Zachary’s karate club97, a, and the subsequent split of the karate club into two disjoint groups98, b and c. Under PC updating, producers can evolve on all three networks only in the case of ff-goods. Moreover, even for the two populations (a and b) in which both ff- and pf-goods can evolve, this split swaps the rankings of the two. In particular, the critical ratio for pf-goods is lower in a but that of ff-goods is lower in b. The threshold for all individuals to be better off in the all-A state than in the all-B state, \({\left(b/c\right)}_{* }\), is lowered by the split.