Fig. 1: Overview of pre- and post-exposure study design.
From: Measuring the impact of COVID-19 vaccine misinformation on vaccination intent in the UK and USA

A total of 8,001 participants across the USA and the UK were divided into treatment and control groups and had their intent to accept a COVID-19 vaccine measured. Respondents were then exposed to either misinformation or factual information before their vaccination intent was re-recorded. Additional survey items asked respondents to detail the frequency with which they use social media, their sources of trust for information around COVID-19 and their sociodemographic characteristics. The full questionnaire is reproduced in the Supplementary Information.