Table 3 Raw mean and s.d. values for outcomes

 Negative emotions in response to the photos

2.77^a (0.80)

2.71^b (0.77)

3.29^c (0.83)

3.19^d (0.84)

 Positive emotions in response to the photos

2.47^a (0.81)

2.62^b (0.79)

1.86^c (0.72)

1.84^d (0.73)

 Negative state emotions

2.32^a (0.90)

2.31^a (0.90)

2.52^b (0.95)

2.48^b (0.95)

 Positive state emotions

3.17^a (0.88)

3.18^a (0.87)

2.99^b (0.88)

2.98^b (0.90)

 Negative emotions about the COVID-19 situation

2.71^a (1.08)

2.77^b (1.07)

2.99^c (1.10)

2.97^c (1.10)

 Positive emotions about the COVID-19 situation

2.91^a (1.05)

2.88^a (1.04)

2.65^b (1.06)

2.59^c (1.06)

 Intention to follow stay-at-home orders stringently

5.42^a (1.79)

5.44^a (1.77)

5.41^a (1.80)

5.45^a (1.77)

 Intention to wash hands regularly for at least 20 s

5.82^a (1.53)

5.82^ab (1.50)

5.82^ab (1.51)

5.76^b (1.56)

 Frequency of natural response

3.49^a (1.35)

3.53^b (1.35)

4.00^c (1.17)

4.56^d (0.79)

 Frequency of using reflecting

3.92^a (1.11)

3.90^a (1.14)

4.25^b (0.97)

3.91^a (1.20)

 Frequency of using reconstrual

3.80^a (1.09)

3.73^b (1.14)

3.06^c (1.27)

2.75^d (1.34)

 Frequency of using repurposing

3.89^a (1.13)

4.15^b (1.01)

3.21^c (1.31)

3.12^d (1.34)

 Motivation to use the given strategy

6.14^a (1.12)

6.17^a (1.12)

6.26^b (1.04)

6.43^c (1.00)

 Belief in the effectiveness of the given strategy

5.00^a (1.68)

5.03^a (1.69)

4.80^b (1.76)

4.44^c (1.90)

 Global change in negative feelings

2.82^a (0.94)

2.75^b (0.93)

3.19^c (0.92)

3.17^c (0.88)

 Global change in positive feelings

3.28^a (0.91)

3.33^a (0.91)

2.92^b (0.92)

2.92^b (0.89)

 Anticipated negative emotions

2.31^a (0.90)

2.30^a (0.89)

2.45^b (0.92)

2.44^b (0.94)

 Anticipated positive emotions

3.26^a (0.88)

3.26^a (0.87)

3.13^b (0.86)

3.11^b (0.89)