Fig. 1: Effects of fact-check exposure on mean perceived accuracy of targeted false claims about COVID-19. | Nature Human Behaviour

Fig. 1: Effects of fact-check exposure on mean perceived accuracy of targeted false claims about COVID-19.

From: The ephemeral effects of fact-checks on COVID-19 misperceptions in the United States, Great Britain and Canada

Fig. 1

United States: n = 2,397 in wave 2 (W2), n = 2,366 in wave 3 (W3) and n = 2,372 in wave 4 (W4). Great Britain: n = 3,147 in W2 and n = 3,140 in W3. Canada 1: n = 1,147. Canada 2: n = 1,144. Data are presented as unstandardized regression coefficients ± 1.96 s.e. from OLS regression with HC2 robust standard errors. Two-sided t-tests. No adjustments were made for multiple comparisons. Full statistical results can be found in the models in Supplementary Tables 35–38 with covariates. ‘Single-wave fact-check’ refers to the Canada 1 and Canada 2 experiments, which were administered in a single survey wave (Methods). ‘Pre’ refers to a pre-treatment survey wave and ‘Post’ refers to a post-treatment survey wave. ‘N/A’ indicates that there were no pre- or post-survey waves conducted in Canada. Fact-checks were randomly shown in wave 2 and/or wave 3 of panel surveys that was administered in the United States and Great Britain. The control condition did not receive fact-checks in either wave 2 or wave 3. See Methods and Supplementary Information for details.

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