Extended Data Fig. 4: Cross-prediction results of task-specific CPMs.

a. Cross-prediction results, taking into account shared variance between task behaviors. Models’ prediction accuracies were assessed by partial correlation between observed and predicted behavior scores while controlling for the shared variance. P value was obtained using 1,000 permutations and corrected for multiple tests (***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05, and ~: p < 0.1). Rows represent combinations of fMRI data and behavior scores used in model construction, and columns represent combinations of fMRI data and behavior scores used in model validation. GradCPT: gradual-onset continuous performance task, MOT: multiple object tracking, and VSTM: visual short-term memory. b. Cross-prediction results when models were applied to predict the common attention factor from different fMRI data. Models’ prediction accuracies were assessed by correlation between observed and predicted common factor. P value was obtained using 1,000 permutations and corrected for all 9×5 tests (***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05, and ~: p < 0.1). Rows represent combinations of fMRI data and behavior scores used in model construction, and columns represent different fMRI data used to predict a common attention factor used in model validation.