Fig. 3: Sex-specific and age-of-onset-dependent effects for the association between disease diagnoses and childlessness in 71,524 full-sister and 77,622 full-brother pairs who were discordant on childlessness.

a, Odds ratios for 60 disease diagnoses that significantly increased the odds of childlessness in either men or women. The error bars indicate 95% CIs. Only disease diagnoses that are significantly different between sexes at a nominal P value are coloured. b, The average effect associated with childlessness across 30 disease diagnoses in women and 31 in men, for each age category, as obtained from an age-of-onset-stratified analysis. c, Age-of-onset-stratified odds ratios associated with childlessness for three major diseases/disorders for which we observe a significant trend. The estimate for each age category is computed only if the number of individuals with this disease within the age group is more than five.