Table 8 Estimates and 95% CIs for random effects meta-analyses of financial well-being regressed on childhood predictors

From: Analysis of demographic variation and childhood correlates of financial well-being across 22 countries

Variable

Predictor (level)

Financial security (effect size)

Material security (effect size)

Subjective financial well-being (risk ratio)

Highest income quintile (risk ratio)

Est. (95% CI) τ

Est. (95% CI) τ

Est. (95% CI)

Est. (95% CI)

Self-rated health growing up (ref: good)

Excellent

0.37 (0.20 to 0.54) 0.37

0.4 (0.25 to 0.55) 0.33

1.1 (1.07 to 1.13)

1.18 (1.11 to 1.24)

Very good

0.25 (0.16 to 0.33) 0.15

0.23 (0.14 to 0.33) 0.17

1.07 (1.05 to 1.09)

1.08 (1.02 to 1.14)

Fair

−0.2 (−0.33 to −0.07) 0.22

−0.21 (−0.31 to −0.10) 0.15

0.93 (0.90 to 0.95)

0.93 (0.88 to 0.97)

Poor

−0.48 (−0.72 to −0.24) 0.43

−0.44 (−0.68 to −0.19) 0.43

0.92 (0.87 to 0.97)

0.59 (0.19 to 1.79)

Global P value

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

Age 12 religious service attendance (ref. never)

At least 1 per week

0.18 (0.06 to 0.30) 0.21

0.14 (−0.03 to 0.31) 0.34

1.06 (1.03 to 1.08)

1.03 (0.98 to 1.07)

1–3 per month

0.24 (0.12 to 0.37) 0.22

0.15 (0.01 to 0.30) 0.27

1.06 (1.02 to 1.09)

1.03 (0.99 to 1.09)

<1 per month

0.1 (0.02 to 0.18) 0.1

0.12 (−0.02 to 0.26) 0.26

1.04 (1.02 to 1.06)

1.05 (1.01 to 1.09)

Global P value

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

0.238

Year of birth (ref: 1998–2005: age 18–24)

1993–1998; age 25–29

−0.19 (−0.30 to −0.07) 0.2

−0.21 (−0.33 to −0.10) 0.19

1.01 (0.99 to 1.04)

0.82 (0.72 to 0.94)

1983–1993; age 30–39

−0.13 (−0.29 to 0.02) 0.32

−0.18 (−0.32 to −0.05) 0.27

1.02 (0.99 to 1.04)

0.9 (0.79 to 1.03)

1973–1983; age 40–49

−0.06 (−0.24 to 0.11) 0.37

−0.17 (−0.31 to −0.03) 0.28

1.02 (0.97 to 1.06)

0.93 (0.79 to 1.09)

1963–1973; age 50–59

0.17 (−0.06 to 0.41) 0.52

0.07 (−0.14 to 0.28) 0.45

1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)

0.94 (0.81 to 1.08)

1953–1963; age 60–69

0.46 (0.17 to 0.76) 0.66

0.4 (0.16 to 0.64) 0.52

1.11 (1.06 to 1.17)

0.78 (0.66 to 0.91)

1943–1953; age 70–79

0.89 (0.49 to 1.30) 0.89

0.65 (0.28 to 1.02) 0.81

1.12 (1.05 to 1.19)

0.66 (0.53 to 0.82)

1943 or earlier; age 80+

1.35 (0.73 to 1.98) 1.38

1.16 (0.69 to 1.63) 0.96

0.53 (0.13 to 2.18)

0.23 (0.05 to 1.05)

Global P value

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

Gender (ref. male)

Female

−0.33 (−0.46 to −0.20) 0.29

−0.26 (−0.39 to −0.13) 0.28

0.98 (0.96 to 1.00)

0.87 (0.82 to 0.92)

Other

−0.2 (−0.98 to 0.57) 1.5

−0.06 (−0.89 to 0.77) 1.62

0.25 (0.04 to 1.37)

0.07 (0.01 to 0.74)

Global P value

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

<0.001**

  1. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.004 (Bonferroni-corrected threshold); 95% CI, 95% confidence interval of meta-analytic mean/proportion; and the global P value corresponds to a test of the null hypothesis that there are no differences between the groups for that sociodemographic characteristic in all of the 22 countries (two-tailed test applied). Country-specific results are available in version d of Supplementary Tables 2–23.
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